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The NAACP Virtual Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. (NAACP LDF or simply LDF) is a leading United States civil rights organization based in New York City. It was founded in 1940 under the leadership of Thurgood Marshall as part of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and spun out as a separate organization in 1957.

Theodore M. Shaw is the 5th director-counsel and president of LDF in its 64-year history.

While primarily focused on the civil rights of African Americans in the U.S., LDF claims to have "been instrumental in the formation of similar organizations serving other minority constituencies in the United States," and to have "been involved in the global campaign for human rights by assisting in the creation of public interest legal organizations in South Africa, Canada and Brazil."

LDF's national office is in Manhattan with regional offices in Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles, California. LDF has "nearly two dozen staff lawyers" and "hundreds of cooperating attorneys across the nation." According to LDF's website, they have "more than 100 cases on [their] docket" and have "been involved in more cases before the U.S. Supreme Court than any organization except the U.S. Department of Justice."

Areas of activity:

Litigation
Advocacy
Educational outreach
Policy research and monitoring legislation
Coalition-building
Provides scholarships for exceptional African-American students.
Areas of concern:

Education
Civic participation
Voting rights
Economic access
Affirmative action
Criminal justice
Opposition to the death penalty

more check out LDF

In most litigation under the common law adversarial system the defendant, perhaps with the assistance of counsel, may allege or present defenses (or defences) in order to avoid liability, civil or criminal.

A defendant will often contest the accuracy of the allegations made against him or her in a criminal indictment or in a civil complaint. A defense, by contrast, does not depend on refuting such allegations. Instead, a defense introduces new matter, arguing that, even if the allegations against the defendant are true, the defendant is entitled to prevail for some other reason.
Criminal law defenses
In criminal law these defenses can be grouped into four categories:

* Actual innocence;
* Excuses and Justifications;
* Procedural defenses, and the so-called
* "Innovative defenses."

With the exception of actual innocence and automatism, these defenses do not argue that the defendant did not commit an actus reus (Latin for "guilty act" but the term includes both acts and omissions) which broke the law; but rather, that the defendant should not be held culpable for what occurred.

Note that there is also defense against an attacker, see self defense and defense of others, defense of property.
Civil law defenses
In common law civil practice affirmative defenses are presented to limit or avoid liability, they are numerous and include:

* Lack of personal or subject matter jurisdiction of the court
* Failure to state a cause of action or other insufficiencies of pleading
* Statute of limitations, statute of frauds, and other defenses conferred by statute

Defense against an attacker
Note that apart from this defense against prosecution and liability, there is also defense against an attacker, which can be a legal justification, see self defense and defense of others, defense of property
In jurisprudence, procedural defenses are a form of defense, via which a party argues that they should not be held liable for a legal charge or claim brought against them. In common law jurisdictions the term has applications in both criminal law and civil law. Procedural defenses are applicable independently of the question of guilt or innocence in a criminal proceeding, and independently of substantive findings for or against a plaintiff or defendant in a civil proceeding.
Criminal procedure
Criminal investigation
Arrest warrant · Search warrant
Probable cause · Knock and announce
Exigent circumstance
Search and seizure · Arrest
Right to silence · Miranda warning (U.S.)
Grand jury
Criminal prosecution
Statute of limitations
Bill of attainder · Ex post facto law
Criminal jurisdiction · Extradition
Inquisitorial system · Adversarial system
Arraignment · Indictment
Nolo contendere (U.S.) · Plea bargain
Rights of the accused
Right to a fair trial
Presumption of innocence
Jury trial · Speedy trial
Habeas corpus · Bail
Exclusionary rule (U.S.)
Self-incrimination · Double jeopardy
Verdict and sentencing
Acquittal · Conviction
Not proven (Scot.)
Mandatory sentencing
Suspended sentence
Parole · Probation
Tariff (UK) · Life licence (UK)
Dangerous offender (Can.)
Cruel and unusual punishment
Capital punishment · Execution warrant
Related areas of law
Criminal law · Evidence
Civil procedure
Portals: ·
In the United States, procedural defenses include:

* collateral estoppel
* denial of a speedy trial
* double jeopardy
* entrapment
* prosecutorial misconduct
* selective prosecution

Traditional procedural defenses in "equity" in the U.S. and other common law jurisdictions:

* laches
* estoppel
Innovative defenses (the invention of which is sometimes called creative lawyering) are relatively new and untried defenses for having committed a criminal act. Being innovative, there is little or no precedent bearing upon them. Such defenses include:

* the abuse defense
* Battered woman defence
* premenstrual stress syndrome
* the biological defense (the "Twinkie Defense")
* "Black rage"
* urban survival syndrome.

Are you interested in mult-player online internet games? Such as runescape and neopets?Internet Game Online-games, tips, cheats and kids forumsAnother good forum is the Internet Junction For Gamers IJFG.COM Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More IJFG.COM Jokes, Pranks, Runescape and other cool games at IJFG.COM. RuneScape is set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or "EverQuest", where players control character representations of themselves. As with most massive multiplayer online roleplaying games (MMORPG), there is no overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build character's skills.

RuneScape has often been one of the top massive online role playing games. It is a unique game. But, with a unique game, comes unique players. Players get bored, and then try to develop cheats....autos or bots that will help them achieve success in their beloved games of Runescape 2.

RuneScape is a virtual world which is divided into two part: Members Areas and Non-Members areas. People who pay to play (p2p), receive access to the special areas. They also have access to the free areas. The members' places are much larger, offer "better" items for the gameplay of rs2, and much, much more. The character that you create when you first start playing runescape, moves around the game on foot; either by running, or walking. Players are challenged to their utmost skills by fighting new monsters, completing difficult quests, and manipulating marketing. As Runescape 2 is an RPG (Role playing game), there is no set path a person must take to play rs. They can choose what to do, and when, whether it be training their money-making skills, or fighting another player. Players usually interact with each other by chatting through public chat, or private chat.Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More IJFG.COM IJFG.com was a runescape 2 based site. They have now, however, taken another look....

Of course the king of all game cheating websites is trick the trik (otherwise known as RPG Cheats Site), where you can find cheat forums, mmorpg topsite, arcade games and any mmo game related topics.

The master of massive multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) cheats can be found at Trik.com Trik.com; this site is one of the best today. The forum section, Trik.com forum, originally came from IJFG.com (Internet Junction For Gamers) , which was one of the best websites that discussed various gamers' issues. The full name was Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More. This site had Jokes, Pranks, RuneScape and other cool games. RuneScape is set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or "EverQuest," where players control character representations of themselves. As with most MMORPG, there is no overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build characters' skills.

Trik.com continues IJFG.com's success, but Trik.com has more to offer. Trik Topsite can be found at Trik Topsite; the TopSite is a great addition if you want to find the best MMO RPG site(s) or raise your site in the rankings. Trik.com also has a viciously competitive Arcade. If you want to be the #1 Arcade on Trik, then come prove yourself at Trik.com arcade: Trik arcade.  Trik.com ?Trik.com/topsite ?Trik.com/forum/arcade.php

With the rising popularity of commercial MMORPG games came the desire from ardent players of these games to run their own servers beside the ones run by the game's creator. Since the original server software is not usually available, the behavior of the server has to be re-engineered. This can be done by analyzing the data stream with the original server, or by disassembling and analyzing the client which is available.

Ultima Online was one of the first large MMORPGs. Due to its openness in implementation, server emulators arose very quickly, even during the beta stage of development. The destination to which the client connects was changeable by simply editing a text file. In beta stage the client-server data stream was not encrypted yet. The term server emulator became known through Ultima Online server reimplementation such as UOX, which was the pioneer. Many forks and reimplementations followed UOX, because its source code was released under the GNU General Public License relatively early. RunUO is today the most widely used UO-server emulator. After RuneScape implemented anti-cheating measures, many gamers left and started their own private servers. The best place to discuss the private server is at Trik- The Master of Private Server.
 

Another useful site is Rune Web ruwb.com . This site is about more serious RuneScape gold trading, account exchange, gold for real life cash and many services. It includes tips on how to avoid getting lured/scammed while using the marketplace. For programming, visual basics, java, C/C++, scar and all other languages such as PHP, HTML, ASP, Delphi. There are also sections for graphics talents, plus many cool videos and fun stuff.

A defining moment in internet gaming history was when a group of gamers called (hygo 7) decided to start an ultimate game forum, which they named hygo.com. It has the best financial backing, the friendliest game community, and the highest quality of information. Currently Hygo.com has entered a new phase...Hygo.com is offering the best private server game. With thousands of members, Hygo.com is your next place to visit, as they have an amazing game with a community and economy. Hygo.com - The Online Adventure Game. is definitely one of the top sites you want to join right now!

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