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1980s
1980: Luévano v. Campbell struck down federal government use of a written test
for hiring into nearly 200 entry level positions because the test
disproportionately disqualified African Americans and Latinos.
1980: Enmund v. Florida struck down a federal "felony murder" statute.
1982: Bob Jones University v. U.S. and Goldboro Christian Schools v. U.S. both
denied tax exempt status to religious schools that discriminate on the basis of
race.
1983: Major v. Treen overturned a Louisiana gerrymander intended to reduce
African-American voting strength.
1984: Gingles v. Edmisten, continued as Thornburg v. Gingles (1986) A North
Carolina state court, later upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court, ruled that
at-large countywide election of state legislators illegally diluted black voting
strength.
1988: Jiggets v. Housing Authority of City of Elizabeth: a district court
ordered the HUD to spend $4 million to upgrade predominantly black, as well as
predominantly white, housing projects in the city, and to implement federal
maintenance, tenant selection and other procedures equitably.
1989: Cook v. Ochsner: in a belated coda to Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial
Hospital, a district court approved a settlement ending a New Orleans hospital's
discrimination in emergency room treatment and patient admissions. The
settlement also provided increased opportunities for African-American physicians
to practice at the hospital.
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